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Waterhammer solutions
13 October, 2006
Small hydro plant designers often choose long penstocks instead of the traditional 'open channel' option, as they can be cheaper, quickly installed, and easier to maintain. However, these longer penstocks are usually affected by waterhammer phenomena, which must be faced with great care and suitable calculation models to verify in a reliable way that the stresses remain in a correct range – as was the case with one small hydro scheme in Italy